Gravitational Radiation
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Townsend Brown discovered over the course of his lifetime, that gravity had a parallelity to electromagnetism in that for every electromagnetic effect (light, radio, heat, etc.) there appeared to exist a corresponding gravitational effect. This section closely overlaps the electrogravitic communications section, as a communication system is one of the most obvious potential uses of gravitational waves.

The current state of modern physics embraces the "Standard Model" of particle physics. A satisfactory description of the Standard Model of particle physics is found at Wikpedia, which begins:

"The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory which describes three of the four known fundamental interactions between the elementary particles that make up all matter [electromagnetism, weak nuclear force, strong nuclear force, and gravity]. It is a quantum field theory developed between 1970 and 1973 which is consistent with both quantum mechanics and special relativity. To date, almost all experimental tests of the three forces described by the Standard Model have agreed with its predictions. However, the Standard Model falls short of being a complete theory of fundamental interactions, primarily because of its lack of inclusion of gravity, the fourth known fundamental interaction."
The Standard Model of particle physics has several short-comings; however one of the most obvious weaknesses is the assumption that gravitational force must be transmitted in the same manner as the other forces - by particles known as bosons. The theoretical boson responsible for gravity has become known as the graviton, and has been given a number of distinguishing properties. The reason for any uncertainty and assumption here is because the graviton has not been observed to-date.

In an unpublished document, "Part II, Structure of Space," dated 1942, Townsend Brown outlines a theory of the structure of space (hence the name) representing an interpretation of experimental observations. Townsend Brown theorizes gravity as a fundamental effect caused by variations in the permittivity (K) and permeability () in space - a theory based on a foundation of electromagnetic properties.

The author of "Defying Gravity: The Parallel Universe of T. Townsend Brown,", Paul Schatzkin, provides his interpretation of the "Structure of Space:"

"In 'Structure of Space,' Brown is contemplating fluctuations in these electrical properties of space, and imagining how those electrical variations might explain the presence of what we call gravity:

Electromagnetic theory assigns real values of K and to 'free space.' For the sake of simplicity, the 'aether' may be imagined to represent merely these "real values." It follows logically that space may not be uniform and that variations will occur in K and .

It is logical, also, to assume that space is 'distorted' by the presence of matter and that this distortion actually may be a variation of K and ...

Then, allowing for the deflection of light rays as they pass a massive body in space (like a star), Brown concludes:

...the values of K and near a massive body are greater. As a matter of fact the gravitational 'field' may be visualized as an area or region of higher K and . The force of gravitation would then be the tendency to migrate to the higher K and .

As Brown sees it, the presence of 'massive bodies' causes variations in the electromagnetic properties of space, producing areas of 'low pressure' associated with high K and values, and areas of 'high pressure' associated with low K and values; An area of 'low pressure' (high K and ) would have a stronger ability to support electromagnetic lines of force than an area of 'high pressure' (low K and ).

Brown then suggests that the force of gravitation is results from these electrical 'pressure' differentials, causing matter to literally 'gravitate' from the areas of 'high pressure' (low K and to the areas of 'low pressure' (high and )."

Relevant Documents:

"On the Possibilities of Optical-frequency Gravitational Radiation, by Thomas Townsend Brown, Feb. 14, 1976 (Rev. Aug. 30, 1976). PDF (courtesty of the Clarksville-Harrison Public Library, Gray Barker Collection).

Relevant Articles:

Faster than a Speeding Light by E. E. Richards.

Gravity Waves - Production of Gravity Waves for Communications and Propulsion Purposes.

Notes on Scalar Detector Designs by Robert Shannon, 1996.

"T. Townsend Brown Studies Sidereal Radiation," the Psychic Observer, Sept.-Oct. 1975, Vol. 36, No. 4, p. 348.

"The Speed of Gravity - What the Experiments Say" by Tom Van Flandern, Meta Research, Univ. of Maryland Physics, Army Research Lab.

"The Speed of Gravity - Repeal of the Speed Limit" by Tom Van Flandern, Meta Research, Univ. of Maryland Physics, Army Research Lab.

Research Organizations:

Meta Research - a scientific non-profit 501(c)(3) corporation presenting "scientifically viable challenges to mainstream paradigms."