Petrovoltaics
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Petrovoltaics is the spontaneous rectification of and storage of radiation in the form of electrical potential by certain materials. Townsend Brown observed this effect in numerous materials, but the effect was most prevalent in granitic and volcanic rocks such as in Koolau basalt found near the city of Honolulu in Hawaii and other complex siliates. Interestingly, the observed potentials appeared to undergo definite circadian rhythms or cycles.

Attempting to isolate the petrovoltaic effect from other known phenomena such as piezoelectric, thermoelectric, or pyroelectric phenomena, Townsend Brown shielded his "sensors," consisting of natural rock specimens or manufactured materials, materials from electrostatic, thermal, humidic, and radiation effects. However, the electrical potentials remained, albeit at lower values, and more interestingly, the cyclical nature of the potential was still present.

It was these cycles that intrigued Townsend Brown - where was the energy coming from, and what interaction was occurring between that energy and the materials of his sensors to produce measurable potentials with circadian rhythms ? He theorized that the gravitational fields of the Earth, Sun, Moon, and planets were interacting with the mass of the sensors. This theory sprung from the predicted observation that such an interaction would elicit a generally higher effect with more massive sensor materials.

Relevant Documents:

"Anomalous Diurnal and Secular Variations in the Self-Potential of Certain Rocks."

Preliminary Patent Application: "Battery"

Preliminary Patent Application: "Electrical Source" (PDF).

"Electrical Self-potential in Rocks."

Preliminary Patent Application: "Electric Clock"

Preliminary Patent Application: "Geophysical Sensor."

Preliminary Patent Application: "Geophysical Sensor."

Preliminary Patent Application: "Geophysical Sensor."

"Phenomenal Variations in the Self-Potential of Rocks.

"Phenomenal Variations of Resistivity and the Petrovoltaic Effect."

"A Proposal for Investigation of the Self-Potential Measured for Isolated Rock Samples" (PDF).

"Prospecting for Oil Using Resonant Telluric Telluric Induction."

Test Reports - Sunnyvale, California

Test No. 100 - "Temperature & Time-Series."

Test No. 101 - "Catalina Granite Time Variations."

Test No. 104 - "Electrolytic Capacitor EL-7."

Test No. 105 - "Comparison of Readings of Self-Potential at Constant Temperature (R-25 and EL-11)."

Test No. 106 - "Comparison of Readings of Self-Potential at Constant Temperature (Electrolytic Capacitors EL-10 and EL-11)."

Test No. 108 - "Koolau Basalt Load Tests (Part 1)."

Test No. 109 - "Koolau Basalt Load Tests (Part 2)."

Test No. 110 - "Koolau Time Series at Constant Temperature."

"Apparent Correlation to Galactic Center."

Please be advised that the above documents are copyrighted © by The Townsend Brown family. All rights reserved. Please see Legal and Copyright Information for additional copyright information.

Relevant Articles:

Sidereal Radiation: A Natural Radiation from Space, Lake States Securities Corporation pamphlet. (PDF courtesty of the Clarksville-Harrison Public Library, Gray Barker Collection).

Sidereal Radiation: A Natural Radiation from Space, Lake States Securities Corporation brochure. (PDF courtesty of the Clarksville-Harrison Public Library, Gray Barker Collection).

Don Lancaster's Tech Musings, September 1997.

"Tesla's New Discovery - Capacity of Electrical Conductors is Variable," The New York Sun, January 1901.